Lastly HRAS mutations are most common in cancers of the head and neck and urinary tract. KRAS mutations are most commonly found in cancers of the pancreas, colon, lung and biliary tract while NRAS mutations are more common in malignant melanoma and haematopoietic system. KRAS is the most commonly mutated isoform in almost 22% of all human cancers, followed by NRAS (8%) and HRAS (3.3%).ĭifferent types of cancer appear to be related to a particular RAS isoform mutation. These mutations set proteins in a permanently activated state (GTP-bound conformation) impairing the ATPase activity.ĭeregulated Ras signalling results in increased proliferation, angiogenesis, and motility, as well as in decreased apoptosis and in altered cellular metabolism. Mutations in RAS are single nucleotide point mutations that more frequently interest the exon 2 codons 12 13 and exon 3 codon 61. 1Īctivating mutations in members of RAS family have been found in 20–25% of human cancers. Once activated, Ras recruits and stimulates number of effectors of complex signalling network pathways including Raf/MEK/ERK mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K/Akt and Ral-GEF proteins. They function as molecular switches transducing extracellular stimuli such as mitogens and differentiation factors to transcription factors and cell cycle proteins in the nucleus in order to promote cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and survival.Įxtracellular stimuli activate firstly transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) which recruits adaptor proteins that catalyse the hydrolysis of GDP to GTP on Ras.
Journal of Personnel Psychology, 19, 125-134.The RAS gene family is widely expressed in mammalian cells where encodes four small (21 kDa), cytoplasmic proteins with GTPase activity: H-Ras, K-Ras4a, K-Ras4b, and N-Ras. Daily experiences of commuting strain and self-control at work and at home: A diary study with train travelers. S., Chaillié, O., Noppeney, R., & Stertz, A. Journal of Family Psychology, 34, 1046-1057. Child-related bliss and couples’ partnership satisfaction in the early parenthood period: A longitudinal dyadic perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 118, 103375. What influences fathers' daily work-related worries during parental leave? A diary study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, 103447. Cross-classified models in I/O psychology. Applying different emotion regulation strategies while providing negative feedback: Introduction to a new laboratory protocol. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, 103431.īurk, C. Keeping an insecure career under control: The longitudinal interplay of career insecurity, self-management, and self-efficacy.
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How to alleviate the agony of providing negative feedback: emotion regulation strategies affect hormonal stress responses to a managerial task. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance.īurk, C.
How long can I wait and how much frustration can I stand? Volitional traits and students’ PhD-intention and pursuit. Journal of Career Development, 49, 378-392.Īlisic, A., & Wiese B. Dynamics between applied work demands and related competence beliefs: A 4-year study with scientists.
Career goal profiles of early career scientists: A person-centered approach. International Journal of Stress Management. Staying focused on work and satisfied with the job in time of pandemic: The power of everyday routines. Leaders’ intensified job demands: Their multi-level associations with leader-follower relationships and follower well-being. Leaving the ivory tower: Vocational application orientation of early career academics. Mothers' regrets of having (or not having) returned to work after childbirth: Longitudinal relationships with organizational commitment. The interplay of career involvement and goal conflicts: An eight-wave study with STEM professionals. Übergang zur Elternschaft und berufliche PläneĪusgewählte aktuelle Zeitschriftenartikel (peer-reviewed).
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